We’ve been told for years that “skin in the game” is the secret to fixing American health care. The theory is simple: If you have to pay a massive deductible before your insurance kicks in, you will shop around for the best price on an MRI or think twice before hitting the emergency room for a hangnail.
It sounds logical in a boardroom, but in the real world, it’s turning out to be a disaster.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open, a journal of the American Medical Association, suggests that for certain people, these high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are doing more than just draining bank accounts. They are actually increasing the risk of death.
The fatal flaw in high deductibles
The study focused on cancer survivors, a group that needs consistent, high-quality follow-up care to stay alive. Researchers found that cancer survivors enrolled in HDHPs had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those with traditional, lower-deductible plans.
Specifically, the data showed a nearly 1.5 times higher hazard ratio for overall mortality among these survivors. Why? Because when the bill is your responsibility, you start playing doctor with your own life. You skip the follow-up scan. You “wait and see” if that lump is really something to worry about. You delay the expensive specialist visit.
For a healthy 25-year-old, a high deductible is a calculated gamble. For someone who has already faced a serious illness, it’s a trap. If you are struggling with the math, you might need to ask yourself if you can actually afford your insurance.
It’s not just about cancer
While this specific study highlighted the danger for cancer survivors, the ripple effects of high-deductible culture are everywhere. For 2026, the IRS defines a high-deductible plan as any plan with a deductible of at least $1,700 for an individual or $3,400 for a family. However, KFF reports that average deductibles for bronze plans on the marketplace are hovering much higher.
When you are staring at a $7,000 bill before your insurance pays a dime, you do not “price shop.” Some people, at least, simply stop going to the doctor. Research has shown that HDHPs do not actually turn us into savvy consumers; they just turn us into avoidant ones.
We skip the preventive care that would have caught the problem when it was a $200 fix, only to end up in the ICU with a $50,000 catastrophe later. This is how many Americans end up drowning in medical debt.
The math of “affordable” premiums
Employers love these plans because they lower the monthly premium. You might see more money in your paycheck, and that feels like a win. But you have to look at the total cost of ownership for your health.
If you have a chronic condition—diabetes, heart disease, or a history of cancer—an HDHP is often the most expensive choice you can make. The “savings” on your monthly premium can be wiped out by a single trip to the specialist. Before you sign up, make sure you know the budget-friendly health plans available to you.
How to protect yourself
If you are currently choosing a plan for the year or stuck in an HDHP, you need to be clinical about your approach.
- Fund the HSA to the limit: If you must have an HDHP, you should be using a Health Savings Account (HSA). For 2026, the contribution limits are $4,400 for individuals and $8,750 for families. This is pre-tax money that can pay those scary bills.
- Never skip preventive care: Most plans are required by law to cover certain preventive services—like mammograms or wellness checks—at 100% even before you hit your deductible.
- Do the “Max Out” math: When comparing plans, do not just look at the premium. Add the annual premium to the Out-of-Pocket Maximum. That is your “worst-case scenario” number.
The bottom line is that health insurance should be a safety net, not a barrier to staying alive. If your plan makes you afraid to call your doctor, it is not actually providing you with “health” care. An HSA can be a great tool for retirement savings, but only if you survive long enough to use it.